Ngā Paunga o te Whakamahi i ngā Tūru Karbona ki ngā Whakamahinga Moana

He Aha te Take i Whakarerekētia ai ngā Tūru Karbona ki te Pūkaha Moana

Te Whitiwhiti Kōmuri mai i ngā Pūngao Tawhito ki ngā Huinga Matatū

Kei te whai pānga te karbona fiber ki te inuhi moana, kei te neke atu i ngā tāpapa tawhito pērā i te rakau, te paraihe, me te pāpaku i whakamahia ai i ngā waka moana. E āhua māmā ana te whakakapi i ēnei tāpapa tatau ki ngā tāpapa hou ake. Ka tīmata te whakamahi i te karbona fiber, he iti noa te kaha ki te tautohe ki te paraihe me te hinu, e kaha ana ki te karo i te kaha. Ko ngā waka moana i hangaia ki te karbona fiber e haere kaha ana ake i te iti ake o te kaihoko, e whakamāramatia ai te nuinga o ngā kaihanga. Ko ngā raraunga a te umanga e whakaatu ana i te 30% o ngā kaihanga moana kua tiimata ki te whakamatautau i te karbona fiber, kua whakauru hoki ki ā rātou hoahoa. E kore tēnei neke he kaihautū noa iho, engari he whakapai tūhonohono ki te ara e hangaia ai ngā waka moana i tēnei wā.

Ngā Take Nui mō te Whakaaetanga i roto i ngā Whakahaere Moana

He nui ngā take e whakamārama ana i te nuinga o ngā karaihe karaihe karaihe kei te nuinga o ngā takiwā moana i ēnei rā. Kei te piki haere ngā utu kora, kei te kaha ake hoki ngā ture aronui i ia tau, nō reira kei te rapa ngā kaihanga waka ki ngā tāpapa māmā, ngā tāpapa e iti ai ngā whakaputanga. Ko te kaukau he nui te whakapono kua whai wa hiwa i ngā uara o te whakaputa i ngā wā kua hipa, nō reira i tērā wā i te nuinga o te wā. Kei te tere hoki te mōhio o ngā inihini moana me ngā kaihoahoa waka. Kua kitea e rātou te aha i te karaihe karaihe i te whakapai ake i ngā kaipuke tere ki ngā kaipuke rongonui i te tekau tau kua hipa. Ko ēnei tauira ake i te whakapono i te kāore i te tino taea, engari kei te pōhiriwiri kē tēnei i te takiwā.

Nga Painga o te Iti Ropu i nga Whakamahi Moana

Whakatipu i te Mahi Waka me te Whanaketanga Ngae

Kei te pēra tonu te whakaihii i te taumaha waka ki te whakamahi i te karbona fiber e whakapakari ake ai i te tere o ngā waka, ka whai hua hoki ki te penapena i te utu kora. I whakaatu ngā rangahau ka tere ake ngā waka i te 15 ki te 20 ōrau ina heke te taumaha o te takotoranga takotoranga takotoranga 10 ōrau, me te iti ake hoki i te kora katoa. Kei te pai hoki tana mahi nā te mea he iti noa te karbona fiber engari he whakapapa hoki. Ko ngā waka i hangaia ki tēnei tāpoi ka tere ake te tere me te whakahaere pai ake i ngā waka i hangaia i ngā tāpoi tawhito pērā i te miriro rānei, te hinu rānei. Ko reira i te nuinga o ngā kaihangā waka inaianei e tohu ana i te karbona fiber mō te katoa mai i ngā waka ā-mu ki ngā waka tāone nui kāore he paku take.

Te Whakarerekētanga i te Pūtake Tono me te Whakatika i te Pūnaha Tono

Mā ngā karbo nikora e wātea ai ngā kaipuke ki te kawe i te nuinga o te taumaha kāore i te tāpiri i te nui ake o te taumaha ki te kōhatu ake, arānei kia pai ake te wāhi kawe waka mō ngā kaipuke e whakamahia ana ki te kawe rānei, ki te tītī rānei. Ka taea e ngā kaihanga kaipuke i ēnei rā te hanga i ngā kaipuke e āwhai tika ana ki ngā tikanga rerekē kāore i te whakakaha i ngā tātai whakangāhau anō rānei i te kaha o te mahi ake i runga i te wai. Ko te āhua motuhake o te karbo nikora ko te kaha ki te whakakotahi i te kaha rawa atu engari he māmā noa. I arahi tēnei ki te nuinga o ngā hoahoa kaipuke hou nei e āwhina ana i te moana pīroiroi pai ake i ngā tikanga tawhito engari kāore i te kai i te kora kaua ko te ōrau anō rānei.

Pūrongo Tauira: Whakatipu Awe i ngā Waka Tangiāio

Ka kitea mai i ngā whakamahinga i te ao tūmatanui he aha te rereke e āwhina ai ngā karaihe karaihe ki te hoahoa waka. Ka tīmata tāku ki tēnei waka tāone pakanga - i muri i te huri ki ngā wāhanga karaihe karaihe, i wehe rātou i te 12% o tō rātou katoa. I te wā e tōia ai te wā, i te tere ake o te wā, i ngā kaiwhakatere e whakapono ana he tere ake te wā i te huarua. Mō ngā kaihokohoko i te tai, ko ngā painga he wehe, engari he tino whakapāinga anō hoki. Ko ngā waka i hangaia ki ngā karaihe karaihe ka māmā noa iho kia kīia ai te nui ake i te ture whakaaetia. Arā, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te kawe mai i ngā kai nui ake me te mōhio kia kaua e ririhia i te nui o te kai, e mōhio ana hoki te nuinga o te umanga ki te huri, ahakoa te utu tuatahi te nui.

Te Whakahē i te Kōwhiri i ngā Taiao o te Wai Māwhero

Whakatipu Awe Nui Rawa i te Aluminium me te Tāngata Pūmau

Ko te pāpaku karapirini ka tuanui ake i te āhua o te here o ngā kōwhiringa tawhito pērā i te arumini rānei te hinu toto whena ina pā ki te wai tāmāriki. Ko ngā karu metara ka pāmu ai te wai, ā, ka pakaru hoki ngā tau e pāmu ai, engari ko te pāpaku karapirini ka mau tonu i tana kaha me tana āhua, arā koia ka roa ake te ora o ngā wāhanga waka i hangaia ki a ia ki ngā taiao moana. Ko te mea he kore te ngakau o ēnei wāhanga ka hua ai te iti ake o ngā utu whakatika i muri mai, ā, ka roa ake hoki te wā e taea ai e ngā kaipuke me ngā waka noho te ratonga. Mō ngā kamupene e whakahaere ana i ngā kaipuke ki ngā rohe tai rānei ki te moana whakaputaputa, ko te neke ki ngā wāhanga pāpaku karapirini ko te iti ake i ngā whakakapi, me te iti ake hoki te wā kua tāukane i te wehenga o ngā tātai pāmu ai.

Te Rorohiko i ngā Kawa Matao o te Moana

Ko ngā taputapu moana i hangaia ki te karbona whanohia e toa ana kia roa ake te wā tata ki ngā taputapu arataki ina pā ki te wai taupua me ētahi atu tikanga whara. E āta whakaatu ana ētahi tāparo ka taea e ēnei wāhanga te ora ake i te rite ki te rima ngā wā te roa i mua i te toa e whakaatu ana i ngā tohu whakapāpaku. Mō ngā kaitiaki waka moana, he nui te take nā te mea he utu kaha ki te whakakapi i ngā mea pērā i ngā porotiti porotiti, i ngā tāturi papa, i ngā wāhi pāpaku ki te moana pōuri, i te wā he tino kaore i te āhua taea. Ko te huri ki te karbona he iti ake ngā raru ka tū mai i muri mai. He pai ake te eke atu i te kōhatu ake i te kaha o te kaha, e pakaru ai te moni i te wā e roa ana ahakoa te utu tuatahi. Kua huri kē ētahi waka moana hokohoko i muri i te kite i te pēhea i heke haere ngā rātonga tūhono ki te tau kotahi ki te tau kotahi.

He iti iho ngā utu whakahaere i runga i te wā

Ko ngā whatu karapine he iti noa ngā tinihanga e hiahiatia ana i ngā wā tapenakanga ki te whakauru atu ki ngā wāhanga huinga, ka tino iti ake hoki ngā utu mō ngā kaiwhakahaere waka i te wā roa. Kāore hoki i te pāpaku tōraroa, kaua ko te hui tōaitanga pērā i ngā wāhanga hinuhi tōtika, pērā i te kohatu tōtika, i te hinuhi rānei. Ina iti ake te moni e wātea ana mō te whakatika i ngā wāhanga pakaru, mā reka atu tērā i ngā kaupapa e hiahiatia ana pērā i te whakapai ake i ngā taputapu, te whakauru atu rānei i ngā kaimahi anō. Kua timata te ahumahi wai ki te huri ki te karapine i te tau e tau tonu ana i te moni e whakamarumaru ana i te wā e tō ana ki te whakauru atu ki te whakararu o te wai makuku, me ngā tikanga moana pāpaku. Mō ngā waka ā-moana, me ngā waka hokohoko, ko te kōaro i tēnei tāone he whakamahinga pono, he whai whakaaro hoki ki te taiao kāore e whakarupeke i te mahi.

Kaha Hangarau mō ngā Hanganga Matua Moana

Nui te Whanaketanga i Raro i te Rite Pūngao mō ngā Tāpuhi me ngā Ruha

Kei te whai kaha rawa te kaha o te paraihe karuhi tā te māmā o te hau heke mai ana, e hiahiatia ana kia hanga i ngā pou hōkio, ngā kaiwhakahaere hōkio hoki o ngā waka hōkio o tēnei wā. Ko te mea tino pai ake i te whakahaere waka nā te mea ka totohu te katoa ina hiahiatia ai te kaha. Kei te hiahiatia e ngā kaipōkai te kaha o te totohu kia tū tonu ai i te tere tere i runga i te wai kāore ai i te here i ngā wā pīroiroi. Kei te aroha ngā kaihoahoa waka ki te mahi ki te paraihe karuhi nā te mea ka taea e rātou te hanga i ngā wāhanga e iti ana engari he kaha hoki te kaha o ngā parirau whawhai me ngā ngaru totohu tāone e mōhiotia ana e te katoa i te wātaka tāwhiri.

Te Whakawhiwhi Pūmanawa hei Tautoko i ngā Koeaeae

Ki te whakauru i te pūmau karbona ki roto i te hanganga koeaeae, ka whakatipu tonu i te whiu o ia whakaruruhanga. Ko ngā rorohiko e tūhura nei, ko te pūmau karbona e taea ana ki te whakatipu i te whiu me te whakarite i te koeaeae i runga i te 30% i waenganui i ngā pū whenua o mua. Ko tēnei whiu nui rawa hei tiaki i ngā waka ki te kawe ake i ngā paoro me ngā āhuatanga ohooho o te moana, whakamana ai te mahi tika me te whakapono mō te wā e hirango nei.

Te Whiu i ngā Hāora Nui

Ko ngā wharepaku eke ki te paraihe kāboni e taea ai te whakaeke i ngā rākau tūturu kei te nuinga o ngā rākau tūturu. Ko ngā tāwhai i te moana e whakaatu ana i ēnei tāpoi e ono ai i ngā panonitanga o te āhuarangi me ngā rāhui kaha kaua ko te whakamāunu. Ko te painga matua kei konei ko te iti ake o ngā wehenga ina heke mai ngā mea nui, arā ko te haumaru ake i te mutunga o te rā mō te katoa e mahi ana ki runga i te wai. Mō ngā kaihangarua waka me ngā kaiinu taiwhenua e noho ana ki ngā tikanga uaua i ia rā, ko te tino whakapākehātanga tēnei e whakamāramatia ai te nuinga o te kōwhiringa ki ngā wāhanga paraihe kāboni ahakoa te utu nui ake i te tuatahi.

Whakamahinga Pūmau mō ngā Whakahaerenga Moana Matua

Ngā Huapae Tūhono mō te Taurite Wai

Ko te whiti o te paraihe karuhi e āki ai ngā kaihanga kia whakapapa ki ngā āhua katoa e whakapakari ai i te āhua o ngā waka i te wai. Ina hāwhai ngā inuhi i ngā wāhanga mō ngā tikanga moana motuhake, ka kitea e rātou ngā whakapai ake i te mahi ake o ngā waka ki waho. Hei tauira, ko ngā takotoranga o ngā waka hōu e neke atu ana i te tere ake i te whakamahi i te iti ake o te kora. Ko te tikanga ka iti ake ngā utu whakahaere mō ngā kaiwhakahaere waka ā-kaipuke, ā, āwhina hoki i te whakaiti i ngā paru mai i te singa i te nuinga o te kora. Ko te āhua o te whakarerekē e kore ana e whakaputu moni anake, engari he rerekē hoki mō tātou whenua anō hoki.

Te whakauru ki ngā Ratonga Hāpai Pūnaha

Kei te māmātia e ngā kaihanga waka moana ngā momo takotoranga o te karbona hiriwa me ētahi atu rāwekenga hua, i ā rātou whakapai ake i te mahi ake o ā rātou waka. Ko te whakaaro e pā ana ki te whakakotahi i ēnei rāwekenga he tino māmā - whakamahi i ngā mea e pai ana te mahi ake a te karbona hiriwa engari hoki ki ētahi wa e āhua ngoikera, pērā i ētahi wa e utu nui, i ētahi wa e ngoikera hoki ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga o te ao tūmatanui. Ko te āhua whakapehapeha o tēnei takotoranga ko te āhua whakauru ake ki ngā wāhanga rereke o te hanga waka me te whanake i ngā taputapu e noho ana i raro i te wai. Kei te āhua tīmata te kitea e mātou ngā whanaketanga hou ki ngā karu waka, ki ngā puna hōiho me ētahi atu wāhanga e kore ai e āwhina ngā rāwekenga tawhito i ngā here o te ao hou.

Tauira Take: Te Whakarite Karakau Waka

I whakamahia te rangahau ki tētahi o ngā whare wānanga mōrearea e whai mātāpuna ana i te huri i ngā taura tawhito ki ngā taura paraihe hekona e iti ake ai te taumaha i te 20% i te wā kotahi ka māmā ake ai te tōtika i ngā takotoranga hōu. Kua whakaatu te rangahau i te mea e mōhio ana te umanga katoa - ko te paraihe hekona he whai pānga nui ki te kaha o ngā waka me te tere tika. Ko ngā kaihangarua e huri mai ana i tēnei ka whakapono tere ake i te wai, engari ko tētahi atu anō hoki ko te nui ake o ngā waka ki te tautohe i ngā pakanga me ngā tākunetanga. Kua whakapuakina hoki ētahi kaihoahoa e mōhio ana ko te tira e āhua whakapono ake ana ki te whakahaere i ēnei waka māmā, kaha ake i ngā tikanga pīroiroi.

Ngā Whakamahi Moana Tuarua mō ngā Pū Karboni

Ngā Waka Kiriata Pai Rawe me ngā Waka Motuhake

Ko ngā whatu karapini he tīari noa i ngā waka tāone i ēnei rā, ā he paku pono hoki. Ko te rerekētanga o te mahi i ngā whawhai nui o te tau tāwhito he mea noa iho te kite. Ko ngā waka e huinga ana ki tēnei hanganga ka pakaru pakaru ana i te wai tere ake i te katoa o mua. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhawhai whai mana e kii ana kua kitea e rātou te tere e 25% i muri i te huri ki ngā wāhanga karapini. He aha te take? Nā te mea ka iti ake te taumaha kaua ko te kaha, arā ka taea e ngā waka te haere tere ake i te mea anō ka tū against ngā tikanga pāpaku. E kii ana kētia e ngā kaipōkai he wehe katoa te arataki i muri i te huri, ahakoa te nui pea o te kaha o te iti o te taumaha ki te katoa o ngā take e mōhiotia ana e ngā kaipupuri.

Rorohiko Whakaritorito me ngā Rāngai Whakapūmau

Ko te whakakotahi i te pāpaku me te whakapānga whakapā hoki i te karaihe karaihe he nui te whiringa hei hanga i ngā karawhiti rereke. Ka kitea e tātou tēnei tāpoi ki te tāone rereke, ki te tāpoi rereke hoki i ngā wā katoa e tirotirohia ana i te moana whakapaku. Me whakauru ngā tātā ki te tautohenga tino whakapā, engari me noho tonu te mahi tika. Ko ngā karaihe karaihe e noho tonu ana te whakapā kātahi ka tāwhaihia e ngā pēhi pēhi me ngā wera. Ko te tikanga, ka taea e ngā karawhiti te whakamahi i ngā mahi pīroiroi, me te hui i ngā mōhio eke noa i te rāpua o te moana kāore i pāhekea ngā tāpoi eke. Kāore he raru mōrearea, kāore he whakakaha i te karaihe karaihe, nō reira i te nuinga o ngā kairangahau taihema e hiahia ana ki a ia ēnei rā.

Pūtake Whakahaere Moana me ngā Pūnaha Tuaropū

Ko ngā whakawhitinga o te taiwhenua kei te tīmata ki te kite i ētahi atu karaihe karaihe pāpaku, i te mea kāore i te pāpaku me te taea te karo i ngā kātata kaha kāore i te pakaru. Kua kitea e tātou tēnei momo matū e whakamahia ana i ngā tautoko arawhata ki te taha o te Moana Gulf, me ngā whakakaha anō hoki ki te tūāpapaku mai i te New Jersey ki te Florida. Ko te moni e tiakina ana i te wā e hāngai ana ki te whakaahua whānui. Ko ngā hanganga hewnanga ki te karaihe karaihe ka roa ake te kaha ki te tū i te wā roa, arā, he iti ake ngā tika me ngā whakakapi i muri mai. Ka iti ake te wā e whakatika i ngā wāhanga pakaru ana, ā, ka nui ake te wā ki ngā mahi atu. Ki te tiro i te pēhea tā ēnei matū e tū ana ki te moana, me te noho tūhono ki te hau me te ngaru, e whakaatu ana i te take i ētahi hinerahi e huri ana ki ngā whakautu karaihe karaihe. Kei te tū ake te āhua, ko te whai wheako i ngā matū kaha kia nui ngā painga ki te taiao, me te kōjara moni i muri mai.

FAQ

He aha ngā pūtake nui o te whakamahi i ngā pūtē karbona i roto i te hanga moana?

Ko te karbona he whai mana anō i ngā āhuatanga kiko iti, kore kohi, haumanu, me te noho whai here i te uru whenua, koinei te take matua hei whiriwhiri mō ngā whakamahi moana.

Pēhea te whakangungu karbona i te haere waka?

Nō tana iti mea, e whiwhi ana te mīhini kāruai i te ātakihitanga ake me te nui ake i te manaaki, e hē ki te taumaha nui ake o te waka me te pai ake i te mahi.

Kei te pai ngā pūtahi kāruai mō ngā kaupapa moana?

Ahakoa nui ake te utu i te oranga tuatahi, kei te whiwhi haere i te maha i te wā e heke nei, nā te iti rawa i ngā mahi whakatika, te pai ake i te whanaungatanga, me te whakaiti i te kakenga pūhae, e whai take ana i te whakaaetanga i te moni.

He pai te taiao o te muka waro?

Āe, kei te haere ngā kaihokohoko ki te wāhi whakamahere ake tonu, e āhei ana ki te whakahoki me te whakamahia i te wāhi huringa hei whakaiti i te whiuwhekuwheku o te hanga kāruai.