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Kupu Whakataki
ko te hangarau eVTOL, hei whakaāhua i ngā kaipuke hōiho takirua horiwhenua Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing, e tohu ana i tētahi mea hou mō ō mātou ara kēkē i ngā tāone i nāianei. E āki ai ēnei taputapu rererangi i ngā wā haere poto ake, i te waenganui o te heke i ngā whakaputanga ki te taiao i te tuinga atu ki ngā tikanga kaipuke whenua tawhito. He wāhi nui te paraihe karaiti ki te whakauru i ēnei kaipuke, nā te mea he matū anuanu hoki ia me te hohoro. Ina hangaia e ngā inijinihia ngā eVTOL ki ngā wāhanga paraihe karaiti, ka whiwhi ratou i ngā rāwekenga haumaru pai ake, i te whakapai ake i te whakamahi kora, me te mahinga whānuitia pai ake i ō rātou hoahoa. Kei te kitea te whanaketanga pono i te ahumahi, mā te pikinga o ngā mātauranga matū pēnei i tēnei. Kei te kōrero mātou ki ngā rererangi e tino whakaiti ai i te koretake i ngā rohe nui engari kāore i te whakaputa i te rite ki te kikoikoi o ngā kowhiringa kei te wā.
He aha te mea Muka waro ?
Kua tū a karboni whakapaku hei mātai hanga nā te kaha o te kaha, ā, he iti noa ngā wae, ā, kāore hoki e pā atu ki te koroi. Nō reira i aroha ai ngā umanga pēnei i te umanga rererangi ki te whakamahi i tēnei mea. He aha te mea motuhake o tēnei mea? I runga i te tikanga, ko ia karboni he rerekētanga iti ake i te kiko o te tangata. Ka huruhuru ngā kairangahau i ēnei aho iti ka huri hei aho, ka tapatoru ai ki ngā hanganga rite tuitui. Ki te wātea, ka hua he mea mīharo – kāore anō i te māmā ika, engari anō hoki te kaha ki te tautoko i ngā pānga matotoru. Mā te whakarārangitanga ki ngā mātai tawhito pēnei i te paraki, kua pai ake te mahi a ngā karboni whakapaku i ngā wāhi katoa.
Ko te whakaputa i te karbon whītau he tāpoi anō ki ngā wāhanga nui maha. Ko te tuatahi ko te whiriwhiri i ngā matūtini tika, arā ko te polyacrylonitrile (PAN) neihā te pitch. Ka tika aua mea ki te whakangāhau kia huri ai ki ngā molekīni roa e rongo ana tātou i te nuinga o te wā. I muri i tēnei wā tahumaero, arā pea ka pūmahara te kamupene hanga i te matū ki ngā wāhi tino makariri engari i tētahi taiao kāore he hau. Ko te mahi o tēnei ko te tango i ngakua kore e hāngai ki te karbon, ā, ka hua mai ko te mea e hāngai ana ki ngā atomu karbon anake. Ki te tīmata ngā whītau, ka tapiria tātou ki ngā tauira rerekē e hāngai ana ki te āhua e hiahiatia ana. Katahi ka tū ake te tono rēhina, e hono ana i ngakua katoa hei waihanga i ngā parakirihana kaha noa mō ngā wāhanga rāwara, ngā wāhanga motokā, ngā taputapu hākinakina, ā, ānō he taputapu hauora anō kei te wā kē.
Ko te mātātoko karboni he rāwekenga maha, ā, ko te rerekētanga matua kei te kaha tōrite me te āhua pūpahi. Hei tauira, ko ngā kōwhiringa kaha-tōrite e taea ai te tino pēhia, nō reira ka kitea hauhaku i ngā wāhanga hanganga matua kei te hinga kaua. I te taunga, ko te karboni arataki tōrite e pai ana mēnā e hiahiatia ana he iti kaha engari kei te mau tonu te kaha, whakarongo ki ngā tātai waka, waka rererangi rānei. Ko te āhua whiriwhiri i ēnei rāwekenga rerekē e whakāhua ana ngā kamupene ki te whiriwhiri i te matātoko tika mō ō rātou hiahia, ā, e hāngai ana ki ngā ao pērā i ngā waka, rererangi, me ngā taputapu hākinakina. Ko tēnei āhua whakawhitinga e kī ana i te karboni kāore i te māmā noa, engari he mea anuanu hoki ki te hanga whakangahau o nāianei.
He aha te take? Muka waro he pai mō ngā tono eVTOL
Ko te mātātoko karboni e tū ake ana hei kōwhiringa pai mō ngā whakamahinga eVTOL nā te mea he pēnei rawa te māmā o tōna taumaha, ka whānui ake ai te mahi āhuatanga me te iti ika te hiahia ki te kaha. Ina hangaia ēnei māhine e rere ana he māmā ake, ka iti ake te uaua e hiahia ana wā rere ana, ka arataki ia ki te iti ake te takepū me te iti ake te utu ki te roa. Tirohia ngā tau: ko ngā wāhanga mātātoko karboni e 30% te iti ake i ngā wāhanga paraihe noa. He nui te take o te iti o te taumaha i te hoahoa eVTOL nā te mea ko ngā iti noa atu ka arataki ki ngā wā rere roa ake me te mahi pai ake i te katoa. Kua tīmata ngā kaihanga ki te kite kaore te iti noa i te moni anake e penapena ana engari ka āwhina hoki i ō rātou rererangi kia rere tonu ake i waenganui i ngā whakakīnga.
He nui te hāpai a te kāpara hiko mō ngā eVTOL e hiahia ana kia whakahaere i ngā taiao rerekē anō i ia rā. Kāore te kāpara hiko e tino taea ana e ngā pānga whakamātau tūturu, nā reira ka roa ake te wā e ora ai ēnei rererangi i te wā e whakahaere ana. Ko ngā whakamātautau a te ao hōu e whakaatu ana ko ia anō ia anō ki ngā tikanga huarere tino kino, nō reira kāore he hiahia kia whakakapi i ngā waka rere i te wā e wātea ana. Ki ngā tauākī ake i ngā mahi ake, ka tu a te kāpara hiko nā tōna aitua ki te porohinga, ā, ka pupuri i ana īngoa ahau i muri i ngā tau o te ratonga. Mō ngā kamupene e whakahaere nei i ngā rāwekenga o ngā waka rere takirua hiko, ko tēnei momo kaha e turuki ana ki ngā whakahaerenga tūmau, me te iti ake ngā raruraru tiaki, nā reira ko rātou ngā kaitono matua mō ngā whatunga kawenga tāone e rapu ana i tētahi mea kia pakari ai kia taea ai te herekenga o ia rā.
Ngā tono o Muka waro i roto i ngā eVTOL
Kua tuhia te ahumāra aviation ki te ītapa kāriki mō ētahi wāhanga o ngā rererangi eVTOL (Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing) tae atu ki ngā kapua, ngā tinana, me ngā huinga karu. Ko te mea e whakapiripiri ana i tēnei matū ko tōna kaha pērā i te māmā ki te māmā ki tōna māmā. Ka taea e ngā rererangi hangaia me te ītapa kāriki te wehe i ngā pauna kore e hiahiatia ana kaore i te wareware i te kounga o te hanganga. Ko ngā rererangi māmā ake ko te manaakitia ake i te haumi katoa, ā, ka whiwhi ngā kaihīkoi i te whakahaere pai ake i te wā o ngā takeoff me ngā rēhutanga uaua e tohu ana i ngā wherenga eVTOL. Koirā ngā aronga nui ka rite ai te ītapa kāriki kia kore anō he kōwhiringa pai engari he mea matua herekia mō te whakaeke ake i te whakaeke orite.
Kāore anō te mātai hiko e whakamahia ana mō ngā tūāpapa o ngā eVTOL, engari he wāhi nui hoki ki te āhua o ēnei rererangi ki roto. Nā te matotoru me te kaha, ka taea e ngā hoahoa te hanga takotoranga e muhu ana i te taumaha, ina hoki kāore he itinga wāhi, kaua ko te noho oranga mō ngā tāngata e rererangi ana. I te titiro ki ngā whakatinanatanga pono, kua kitea e ngā kaihanga mēra ka whakakapi i ngā rauemi tūmatanui ki te mātai hiko, ka taea e rātou te wātea i ngā wāhi noho whānui ake, i te nuinga o ngā paerewa haumaru. Kaua ko te āhua anake, engari kei te āwhina hoki tēnei rauemi i te whakapakari i ngā wāhi matua o te takotoranga, ā, kei te whakakaha ake i te āhua o ngā tahumaero ki te mētae. Ka kitea e ngā kaipuke tēnei rerekētanga i te wā o te rerenga, nā te mea kāore he nuinga o ngā tawhiti, he riri rānei ki te tāpoi, tērā i ngā hoahoa rererangi tikolikoti.
Kei te whakamahia ētahi nuinga o ngā taputapu hōiho e hangaia ana i tēnei wā e rere mai ana me te tū ahu kōhatu mā te whakamahi i ngā paraireti composite karbona i roto i ō rātou hanganga. Ko Eve Air Mobility tētahi tauira – kua hono rātou ki Diehl Aviation kia āhua ai i ngā wae paraireti karbona ki roto i ngā hanganga o ō rātou rūma manuhiri. Ko te mahi tōaitanga e whakaatu ana i te ara e huri ana ngā kaihanga mā te tini o te ao ki ēnei matū anuanu, kāore i teitei noa mō te māmātia haangai engari mō te pikinga hoki i te kounga o te hanganga, ā, anō hoki te noho oranga. Kei te hiahia ngā kamupene ki ngā rererangi e roa ake ai te wā i waenganui i ngā wā rerenga tiaki, ināianei kaore i te iti iho te wheako a te manuhiri, ko te tikanga tika i te kōwhiringa matū e āwhina ai.
Nga painga o Muka waro mō te eVTOL Innovation
Ko te whakamahi i te mātā karboni e kawea ana te mahinga o te eVTOL ki tētahi atamira ina hōhonu ana ki te tere, ki te mea e taea e ēnei māhine rererangi te kawe, me te aha pea te maroke o te hiko. Ina heke ngā kaihangarua i te taumaha o te rererangi mā te matā nei, ko te hua he tere ake, engari anō hoki he pai ake te whakahaere i ngā kawe taonga. E mōhiotia ana e te nuinga o ngā inijini e mahi ana i ngā kaipuke rererangi takeoff pūmau mā te hiko, ko te tāpiritanga i ngā wāhanga mātā karboni ki te hoahoa katoa e mehua ai kia mahi smarter rānei i ngā rewharewha i te arataki. He nui tēnei mō ngā kaipuke hiko nā te mea e pā ana tēnei tika ana ki te roa e taea ai te noho i te rangi me te tawhiti e taea ai te eke ki ia uta. Ko te māmā ake te rererangi, ko te roa ake te rere kaua ko te hokinga mai.
He tino painga te muka waro ki te taiao nā te mea ka taea te tāruatia i ngā wā maha. Ina tīmata ngā kamupene ki te whakamahi i tēnei rauemi i roto i te hanga waka rererangi, ka whakaitihia e rātau ngā utu taiao e pā ana ki ngā rauemi tawhito kāore e tika ana. E ai ki ngā kitenga a te EPA, he iti ake te pūngao e pau ana i ngā rererangi māmā i te wā e rere ana, ko te tikanga he iti ake ngā hau kino e tukuna ana ki te hau i te wā e rere ana. He tino rerekētanga tēnei mō ngā kamupene rererangi e ngana ana ki te whakaiti i tō rātou tapuwae taiao whānui, me te pupuri tonu i ngā paerewa mahi.
Kua kōrero a ngā mātai matū mō te paraihe karbon hei mea e taea ana te whakarere i te takotoranga mō te hangarau horoi. Hei tauira, ko Dr. Emily Chang, e mahi ana i te arai o te rangahau mō ngā matū mārohirohi mō te horoi. Ka whakaatu ia ko tēnei mea he iti noa te taumaha engari pakari tonu kia taea ai e ngā kaihoahoa te waihanga i ētahi ahua hou mō ngā rererangi katoa i te wā e tiaki ana i te haumāta. Kua tīmata kē ngā kamupene e hanga ana i ngā takotoranga rererangi (eVTOLs) ki te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga paraihe karbon. Kei te kitea e rātou i ngā inenga mahi pai ake i te matawhenua, ā, ka taea hoki e rātou te whakatinga i ētahi pou whatukuhā nui nā te mea ko ngā tikanga whanaketanga e hua ai pea he iti ake ngā whakaputangia i te nuinga o ngā matū tuku iho.
Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Raruraru
Ko te wātangia o te mīhini hiko ka tūtohu ki te uaua, e whakarere ana i tana whakamahi i ngā kaipuke rangi hiko tuarangi (eVTOL). Ahakoa ko te nuinga e whaiwhai ana mō te kaha tino pai me te māmā o te mīhini hiko, ko te hanga i tēnei mea he tino pikinga āhuatanga e piki ake ai ngā utu. Kei te mōhio te ahumahi ki tēnei raru, nō reira kei te mahi marino ngā kamupene ki ngā aronga hou me te whakapakari i ngā kōwae whakaputa kia iti ake ngā utu iramutu. Kua timata ētahi kaihanga ki te whakauru i ngā pūnaha aunohe ki ō rātou toihanga, ā, ko ētahi atu kei te whakamātau anō i ētahi atu ara putaiao matū. Mā ēnei whakapāpaku pea ka taea te mīhini hiko e taea ai te hoko mō te whakamahi whānui ake i ngā takiwā katoa, kaua ko te rererangi anake.
Ko te tiaki me te whakatika i ngā hanganga muka waro he ārai nui anō nā te mea he rerekē rātou i ngā rauemi tuku iho. E hiahiatia ana ngā taputapu motuhake me ngā kaimahi whakangungu hei whakahaere i te tukanga tirotiro katoa, e tino uaua ai te whakahaere i te tiaki auau. Kua tīmata ētahi kamupene ki te whakamahi i ngā hangarau hou hei tirotiro i ēnei hanganga me te kore e whakakorea katoatia. Kei te tino noa iho ngā kāmera whakaata wera me ngā pūrere ultrasound i tēnei wā ki te kimi i ngā pakaru, i ngā ngoikoretanga rānei i roto i ngā wāhanga muka waro i mua i te nui o ngā raruraru. Ka iti ake te wā me te moni i ngā tikanga tawhito i te wā i whakawāteatia ai e ngā mīhini ngā wāhanga katoa kia tirohia ai te kino.
Ko te tiro atu ki ngā mea e occurring ana i te mara e whakaatu ana i te rautaki a ngā kamupene ki ēnei raruraru. Hei tauira, ko Pivotal i te mua o te hangarau eVTOL (electric vertical takeoff and landing) mō ngā tau kua pahure ake nei. Ka whakawhitinga nui i te wā me te moni ki te whakamārama i ngā ara hou hei whakapai ake i ō rātou hua, me te tiaki kia pai tonu te mahi i muri i te hoko. Ko te mea e wehe ai i a rātou, ehara i te mea kua whanaketia he mea hou māpere, engari ko te whakatiaki kia haumaru, kia pai hoki te mahi i te wā e rererangi ana ēnei rererangi ki ngā rangi. A mā te whakapai ake a ēnei kaitoi i te huarahi e hanga ai rātou, me te whakauru i ngā tikanga tiaki matatau, ka whakaatu ia rātou i te aha te āhua o te pai i te hanga eVTOL mā te karboni paraihe e roa ana, ināianei anō te utu.
Ngā Aronga a Muri Nei i roto i Muka waro mō ngā eVTOL
Kei te pāhemo haere te ao hangarau mō te whakawhitinga arai hiko āhu kūwaha pūmau mō ngā rerekētā e kawe ana i te paraihe karaitini. Kei te tīmata ngā whanaketanga hou, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha whakawhitinga aunoa me ngā matapae hou ake, hei penapena i te utu o ēnei arai motuhake, kia ekonomiki ake i te hunga e hiahia ana, engari kaua e iti ake te kounga. Engari ko te mea e hiahia ana ki te titiro, ko te aha ka pakaru ai ngā kaihangahanga ina tīmata rātou ki te whakauru i te hinonga hinengaro ki ō rātou mahi. Āwhina ēnei taputapu ananenga hiranga i ngā toihanga kia rere pono ake i te rā ki te rā, penapena i ngā rawa e hara ana i te whakamahinga, ā, pā atu hoki ki te whakanui ake i te hua haepapa katoa.
Ko te kohikohi i ngā matapae paraihe karboni me te arataki mātau e tohu ana i tētahi mea hou mō te whakapai ake i ngā mahi a ngā rererangi eVTOL. Hei tauira, ina timata ngā kaihanga ki te whakauru i ngā kaitirotiro IoT ki roto i ngā wāhanga paraihe karboni anō, ka taea e rātou te tirotiro i te mahinga o ngā mea katoa i te wā pono, ā, ka taea hoki te whakatau i te wā e hiahiatia ai te tiaki mōrearea i mua i te raru. Ka nui ake te mātau o ēnei wāhanga paraihe karboni tūmaha i te wā. Ka taea e rātou te kōrero ki ngā kaimahi i ngā korero tino nui mō ō rātou ake tikanga, ā, mō te āhua i pā ai rātou ki ngā taiao rerekē i te wā o te rerenga. Kei te whakamātau kētia ētahi kamupene i tēnei momo whakauru arataki hei wāhanga o ō rātou hoahoa whakatipu.
Ko ngā raraunga rangahau mākeke hou ka whakaatu i te noho tūmatanui mō te paraihe karboni ki ngā whakamahinga hōiho rere. E ai ki ngā āhuatanga ahumahi mai i te wātea whakamutunga, kei te kitea he pikinga nui haere tonu i te hiahia mō te paraihe karboni e whakamahia ana ki te hanga eVTOL ina timata ngā tāone ki te whakaaro matua mō ngā takitahi rere me ētahi atu momo rererangi taone. He aha te kaupapa e arataki nei i tēnei aronga? Nō reira, e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaihoahoa hōiho ngā matapae e mamae ai te kaha engari kāore i te kaha. Ka tuku te paraihe karboni i ēnei ara e rua, ā, ko te tikanga anō hoki ka āwhina i ngā rererangi kia tutuki i ngā tikanga taiao ngākau tapu ake. Kua tīmata kē ngā kaihanga puta noa i te takiwā ki te whakarerekē i ō rātou tukanga tuku kia āhua pea he huri tonu roa ki enei paraihe matua.
FAQ
He aha te hangarau eVTOL?
eVTOL e tohu ana i te Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing. E pā ana ki ngā waka rererangi hiko e kaha ana ki te eke me te eke tūru, i hangaia mō te nekeneke hau taone.
He aha te take he mea nui te muka waro mō ngā eVTOL?
He mea nui te muka waro mō ngā EVTOL nā tōna taumaha māmā me ōna āhuatanga kaha, e whakanui ana i te kaha, e whakaiti ana i te whakapaunga pūngao, e whakapai ake ana i te mahi me te haumaru.
Me pēhea te whakapiki ake i te mahi eVTOL i te muka waro?
Ka whakarei ake te muka waro i te mahi eVTOL mā te whakapai ake i te tere, te kaha utanga, me te kaha o te pūhiko, i te wa e whakarato ana i tētahi papa māmā, he kaha hoki e whakarei ake ana i te haumaru me te pono.
He aha ngā wero o te whakamahi muka waro i roto i ngā eVTOL?
Ko ētahi o ngā wero ko ngā utu whakaputa tiketike me ngā tukanga tiaki me te whakatika matatini, e hiahiatia ana he whakangungu motuhake me ngā taputapu.
He aha ngā āhuatanga kei te tūmanakohia mō te muka waro i roto i ngā EVTOL?
Ko ngā āhuatanga o mua ko ngā ahu whakamua i ngā tukanga hanga, te whakauru ki ngā hangarau atamai, me te piki ake o te tono i te mea e whakawhānui ana te rerenga rererangi o te taone.
