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Tirohanga o te Prepreg i roto i te Hanganga Hākinakina o Nga Wā
Ko ngā rauemi prepreg kei te nui ake te whai mana ki ngā whare whakapaku o nāianei i ngā tini atu huihuinga. Ko te tikanga, ko ngā rauemi huihui mai i ngā whakapapa penei i te karbon, te whakapapa hiriwai, te aramid rānei ēnei e kī ana kē ki te rēsiniti, te rēsiniti epoksī te nuinga o te wā. E ai ki te rāwekenga kua oti te whakakī i mua, kua nui ake te kaha o ēnei rauemi, ā, kua pai ake hoki ngā āhuatanga mahi. Ko te nui ake o ngā painga ko te wehe katoa i te mahi whakapara a-ringa o te waihanga me te whakaputa i te rēsiniti. Ka pakaru te utu inu mō ngā utu mahi, ka iti ake te rauemi kua whakaputua, ā, ka hua mai ngā hua kua whakauruhia te kounga tūturu i ngā wā katoa. Mō ngā kamupene i ngā umanga e pā ana ki te kaha o te kaha, pērā i ngā rererangi, ngā waka, me ngā taputapu hākinakina matua, e whai painga nui ana ēnei rauemi i te wā e māmā ai te hāngai i te kore e korekore te kaha. Kua kitea e mātou kua āki ake tēnei aronga i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā i te haerenga hau, i reira hoki kei te whakamahi ngā kaiwhakapaku i ngā prepreg hei hanga i ngā rererangi haumaru ake, ā, e iti ake ana te kaihoko i te kora kātata i te wā o te rere.
Te Uuanga Mō Ngā Whenua
Ko ngā taputapu prepreg kei te whakawātea i te rōnui ki te hanga i ngā hua kaha ki ngā wāhi katoa. Ka tīmata ki te āhua hauora - ko ngā kaihanga rererangi e noho pū ana ki ngā taputapu prepreg ina hanga i ngā mea pērā i ngā kōwhai rererangi me ngā wāhanga tinana nā te māmā o te taumaha engari he whakapākehā tonu. Kātahi ka āwhina i ngā rererangi kia iti ake te kaihoko waka i te wā e noho ana i te taha o te rangi. Kei te hiahia rawa ngā kaihoahoa hanga kia mahi ki ngā taputapu prepreg nā te mea ka tuku iā ratou kia hanga i ngā āhua me ngā hanganga māmā ake i ngā wā kua hipa ki te mātāpuna i ngā rā o mua. Ko ngā kamupene waka hoki kua mōhio ki tēnei, kei te whakamahi i ngā taputapu prepreg composite mai i ngā waka tākaro ki ngā waka noho hou. Ko te putanga? Ko ngā waka he iti ake te taumaha engari he pai ake te mahi, arā ko te whakapai ake i te tere o te waka me te heke i ngā putunga. Ko ngā kaihokohoko hoki e tāroa ana i te mahi, kei te hanga i ngā pouaka hoki, ngā anga pōnaha, me ngā pōnaha golf ki te taputapu prepreg e tuku ai i ngā kapa ki te tāone engari kaua e whakakaha i te roa. Mai i ngā rererangi ki ngā taonga rere, kei te whakarewa ake ngā taputapu matua whakarewa i te ara i whai mātou i te hanga me te aha i te hua e tū mai ai i te maakete o nāianei.
He aha te mea Ko te rauemi Prepreg ?
Te Whakapapa me te Puta Iho
Ko ngā kōtaha prepreg he mea e whai ana i ngā whakapapa pērā i te karaihe, Kevlar, te āhua rānei o te karaihe kua whakauruhia ki te pāpaku. Ko te nuinga o te wā, ko te pāpaku e whakamahia ana he pāpaku ephuki ana ka waiho kia pēra rawa kia pakaru ai te kaha ki te mahi i te wā o te whakauru. Ki te whakaputa i ēnei kōtaha, ko te whakapakaru tuatahi a ngā kaihanga i te kiriata ki te pāpaku kātahi ka whakauru kia rite kia haere ake ai. Ki te tōtika i te wā ka whakauru tōtika i te kōtaha, ka whakamahia te wera me te whakapē ki roto i tētahi umu rānei, i tētahi huinga whakapē rānei. Ko te tōwai e eke ana i te 250 nekeneke Fahrenhiet ki te 350 nekeneke. Ko te tika tēnei ka tūpono noa mai te āhua ka hua ai te hua mutunga he pāngia tika ana me te kaha o te hinu e hiahiatia ana mō te whakamahinga e mōhiotia ana. Ko te whakauru tōtika anō hoki ka āwhina i te ōweoweko ki te wehe i te ōrau o te whakapapa me te pāpaku, e pāngia ana tika ana ki te āhua e mahi ai te kōtaha i raro i te pāpaku.
Ngā Rerekētanga mai i ngā Materiale Komihana Tawhito
Ko ngā painga o ngā taputapu prepreg mō te whakarewa i ngā taputapu tūturu ko te whakapai ake i ngā tikanga whakarewa me te whakapai ake i te mahi. Kei te māmā tonu te nuinga o ngā mahi taputapu tūturu ki ērā anō ngā tikanga tāone rānei e whakauru ai i te maha o ngā rerekētanga me ngā kore tōtika o te hua mutunga. Ko te mea e rite ana i ngā prepreg ko te hanganga kua waihanga katoa i konei ke te katoa, nō reira he iti noa te wātā me te pai ake te kaha o te hanganga i te rohe katoa. Ka tango i te whakauru whakarewa hei tauira - me ngā prepreg ka tūhono mātou ki te tūranga tika ake me te kawe i te rite resin ki te taputapu, e hāngai ana ki te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga mekanikirana. Ko ngā tau o te ahumoni e whakatairite ana hoki, e whakaatu ana i te nuinga o te huri ki ngā prepreg ko te tikanga he kaha ake ngā wāhanga mō te kaha o te pāpaku e iti nei i ērā hinga whakapōpō hōhō e whakaroa ai ngā mahi.
Ngā Whakawehenga Nui ki te Whiriwhiri i ngā Mīhini Prepreg
Ngā Turetanga Mekanika
Ina kōwhiri i ngā taputapu e tino whiti ana, ko te whiti o te tinana he mea nui, ā, he tino pono mō ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana kia mau ki ngā tikanga uaua pērā i te wāhi e noho ana i ngā rererangi. Ko te āhua o te whāriki e kōwhiri ai mātou i te rerekētanga katoa ki te pōkai o te hua mutunga. Ko ngā whāriki karaihe te tino whiti nā te mea he tino whiti atu rātou i te korekore, i te wā kotahi ko ngā whāriki aramid e tino āhua ana ki te tōkiri ā-kaha, ā, kāore i te mōmona te pakaru i raro i te pēhi. Whakatauhia ngā taputapu karaihe karaihe hei tauira, ka kitea ēnei ki te katoa o te haerenga rererangi nā te mea he taputapu hoki ki te taea e ngā rererangi te whiti i te raru engari kia māmā tonu te inumanawa. E tino whai hua ana kia tika te kōwhiri i ngā whāriki e āhua ana ki te āhua o te whiti e hiahiatia ana te wāhanga i te tika anō, kāore i te whai hua noa, engari he mea nui rawa kia taea ai e ngā mea te mahi tika i te wā roa.
Te Whakarahi me te Haereha i te Wera
Ina tōa koe ki te kōwhiri i ngā taputapu prepreg, ko te whakarewa tōtika me te tūpono he nui rawa te nui, ā, he tino pono mō ngā mahi e pā ana ki te kaiwera. Me whakauru ēnei taputapu ki te aukati i te wera kia kaua e ngaro te kaha, te wehe rānei. Ko te tiro atu ki tō rātou mahi ki te rerekētanga o te āhuarangi he wehe katoa te rerekētanga. Ngā mea pērā i te āhuarangi hurihanga rākai, me te āhua e whakarewa ai ki te whakarewa, e whakaatu ana mēnā ka roa tonu te taputapu me te whakahaere pai. E ētahi anō rānei e whakaatu ana kua taea e ētahi momo prepreg te tū atu ki ngā wāhi e 200 wā nui ake i te Celsius, ā, ko te āhua nei ka whakamahia nui i ngā wāhi uaua pērā i roto i ngā mōhinu waka, i ngā taputapu hāngai rānei. Kāore i te whai mōhio e purea ana i te akoranga anō hoki; e mōhio ana ki ēnei korero ka taea e ngā mōhio tātaritanga te kōwhiri i ngā taputapu pai ake e whai mahi ai, ā, e whakaroa hoki i te wā e hiahiatia ai te whakakapi.
Ngā Pānga Pāngarau mō ngā Whakamahi PCB
Ina te kōrero mō te whanaketanga o ngā paparorohiko hiko, ko ngā āhua hiko o ngā taputapu e whakarite ana i te rerekētanga i te pikinga o te hua whakamutunga. Ko ngā mea pērā i ngā tuanui dielectric me ngā kaipāweke e kore nei he tau māori i runga i ngā tātaitanga, engari he aha rawa i pā ai ki te ara e haere ai ngā tohu ki roto i te paparorohiko me te ara e wehe ai te hiko ki te tōpuni katoa. Ko ngā paparorohiko i hangaia ki ngā taputapu e iti ake ngā tuanui dielectric e whakaae ana i ngā tohu e neke atu tere ake, e nui ana te take ina whirihau ana i ngā paparorohiko mō ngā mea pērā i te tukatuka rara data tere, te whakamahi i te aorangi. Whakatakotoria te taputapu whakawhitinga hororongo hei tauira, ko te nuinga o ngā turanga waea anamata e whakawehi ana i te nuinga o ngā prepreg he iti noa ngā kaipāweke nā te mea he iti noa ngā ngako e taea ana e te roa o te tawhio. Ki te tātata atu, ki te haere a ngā kaihanga ki ngā kōwhiringa iti ake e kore e ū ana ki ēnei tātai hiko, ka mutu ki te nuinga o ngā paparorohiko e neke atu ngā tohu iti ake me te whakamahi i te hiko tino nui ake i te mea e hiahiatia ana. Ko te āhua nei i te kaiwhirihau PCB e tāngia ana e kaiwhakamahi tātari tātari ki te āhua rerekētia o ngā kōwhiringa prepreg i mua i te whakamutunga i ā rātou whirihau - ko te kōwhiringa tika o te taputapu e āwhina ana i te paparorohiko kia mahi tika, kaua ko te mutunga ki te mutunga i roto i ngā marama iti.
Ngā Whakaarotanga Pūnui me te Rongorongo Momo
Ina tōa te kōrero mō te taumaha me te hihiani o ngā taputapu, he nui ngā take i ngā umanga maha, ā, ko te umanga rererangi hoki. Ko te whakamāmā i ngā mea hei pai ake i te kaha o te kora, me te whanonga whānui ake. Whai mōhio ki ngā karapiro kua rere i te rangi, kua wehe ki te arawhā, me te hiahia ki te kawe i te kaha o te taumaha kia rite ki te hua. Whai mōhio ki te karaihe karaihe karaihe. Ko tēnei mea he paku māmā noa iho engari he whiti ake i te rahi i ngā rererangi. Ko ngā kamupene rererangi e kawe ana i te rahi o ngā karaihe karaihe ka taea e rātou te whakakaha i te rahi o te taumaha o ā rātou rererangi, ā, ko tēnei ka hua tika ai i te moni ki te utu kora. Kei te pērā pea ngā kaihanga taputapu e whai mōhio ana ki te whakamātau i ngā momo karaihe karaihe kia kitea te tōwā heke i waenganui i te māmā me te whiti, ko tēnei ka tūpato ai i te kaupapa. Ko ētahi kamupene hoki ka whakapuru i ā rātou ake whetonga mo ā rātou karaihe kia tū tonu te tōwā heke, ā, ko tēnei ka tuku i te pikinga ki te maakete.
Nga momo o ngā Hanga Prepreg
Karbona fīra prepregs
Ko ngā taputapu whakakaha karboni he mea nui kē ki te hāngai i ēnei rā, nā te kaha tōna e whakarato ana i te wā e iti ana te taumaha. Kei te hiahiatia ngā taputapu nei e ngā umanga katoa ina he paku te taumaha o te mea me kaua e iti te kaha. Ka tirohia hoki mā te wā katoa - kei ngā rererangi, waka, tae atu ki ngā taputapu hākinakina rongonui e whakamahi hoki ana i ngā taputapu karboni. Hei tauira, kei ngā wāhanga rererangi, kei te aroha ngā kaihangahanga ki te whakamahi i ēnei taputapu nā te mea e tū ana i ngā pāmahana whakapōkai kaha kaua ko te taumaha e nui ake ai te hanganga. Ki te tirohanga i ngā nekehanga o te umanga, kua piki ake te hiahia ki ngā taputapu karboni i ngā wā kua pahure ake nei. Kua whakapiripiria te hiahia nā te aronga ki te whakamāmā i ngā waka me ngā taputapu, ā, e mōhiotia ana e ngā kai mō te umanga ka tera tonu te tipu haere o te umanga nei i ia tau e kōrero ana ngā ripoata rerekē.
Ngā Whiringa Pūkārua (FR-4, High-Tg)
Kei te whakapakari i te whakapakari i ngā taputapu hiko me te whakaputa PCB, kei te nuinga o ngā wā kei te whakamahia ngā taputapu prepeg hiko pērā i te FR-4 me ana hoa High-Tg mai i te nui o ngā mahi ake ka taea e kētia te ahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā PCB e whakamahi ana i te FR-4 hei tātai tuatahi mai i te nui o te wehenga hiko me te taea e kē te whakaputa i te kaiwhakarewa o te raima, e whakapau ai i ngā taputapu hiko kia pai ai te mahi tūturu. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi huihuinga e whakamahi ana i ēnei taputapu i ngā wā katoa mai i te nui o te whakapono ki ā rātou mahi i te utu e taea ai te tāngata tāpahi i ngā taputapu e wātea ana i te māketi. Hei tauira, ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga e noho ana ki te FR-4 kaua ko ngā taputapu utu nui ake pērā i te polyimide, i te ceramic rānei i ngā wā e hiahiatia ana ngā taputapu motuhake. He aha te take? Kei te noho ēnei prepegs ngākau hiriwa i te wā e noho ai te utu kāore i te nui, engari kei te tuku i ngā mahi tūturu me te taea e kē ngā whakamunangia o te wā.
Aramid me ngā whirinaki pūkenga
Ko ngā whakapai aramātika me ētahi atu rāwekenga whakakaha e whai kiko ana i te tāone ki ngā whakamahinga motuhake. E mōhio ana ēnei rāweke i ā rātou anō pea i te āhua pāpaku i te mea e taea ana e rātou te āki ai i ngā pāpaku. Ko te aronga ka kitea i ēnei wāhi ko te wāhi e herehere ana i te whakapapa, ina koa ki ngā taputapu a te tauā me te panuku a te pirihimana. Ka tīmata te Kevlar hei tauira ka tū tonu ki te katoa o ngā kākahu whakamarumaru o te rā. Ko te ara i āwhina ai ēnei whakapai i te kaha i te pakanga ka tino rerekē ai te rerekētanga i te mutunga o ngā pere, i te ngira rānei. Ko te rangahau i ngā tau kua tuhia te pono ki te āhua o te aramātika ki te mahi e hiahiatia ana, ā, ko te āhua nei ka tū tonu te whakapai ake i te wāhi e hiahiatia ana te haumaru.
Poiimi me ngā Whakariterite Hihiri
Ko ngā prepregs Polyimide e mārama ana i ngā wā e hiahiatia ana kia eke panuku i te wera nui, me te whakapā ake i ngā kikorangi. Ko te ritenga ka nui te whakamahinga ki te hanga i ngā waka rererangi, me ngā taputapu hiko, i te mea kei te noho tata ki ngā tikanga e muku ana i te nuinga o ngā taputapu e kore ana. Hei tauira, ko ngā wāhanga rererangi e hāngai ana ki te polyimide e taea ana e ngā wāhi e muku ana i te nuinga o ngā taputapu. Ki te titiro ki te keehu o te maakete i tēnei wā, kua mārama te nui ake o te hiahiatia ki ēnei taputapu motuhake kaore e whakaroa i te wā. Me te whanake haere o te hangarau, kei te kitea e ngā kamupene katoa te whai hua o te polyimide ina heke mai ana ki ērā atu taputapu noa kaore i te tino whai hua.
Te Tīmata i te Pūmotu Tino Tika Mō Tō Take
Te Whirihau i ngā Āhua Matāpuna ki Te Whakamahinga Hanga
Ko te whiriwhiri i te taputapu tika e hāngai ana ki te whiriwhiri i te tāutanga tika i waenganui i ngā āhua e whakarato ana te taputapu me ngā hiahia ake o te mahi. Ina tirohia ana ngā taputapu mō tētahi kaupapa motuhake, me whakapaku noa ngā inuia e ngā inžiniera i te tuatahi. Whaia ngā mea pērā i te kaha o te wāhanga me whakamana, me ngā here kaimana kāore he whakaaetanga, me te āhua o te taiao e noho ai ia i ia rā. Whakamahia te whakaaetanga o te wera hei tauira. Mēnā he mea kei te taea te wera nui kia kaua e pakaru, ko ngā taputapu huinga polyimide ko te nuinga o te wā e pai ana mō ērā whakamahinga. Kāore hoki te kaupapa whakamātai i te whakakapi i ngā pouaka anake. Kua whakakīia e ngā whakamātau ā-motu tāwārangi kua whai wāhi nui te kaha o te tāwhai, engari ko te āhua pai hoki o te taputapu e māmā ai kia kaua e pakaru, me te āhua e tū ana ki te whakapāpaku i te wā roa. Ko te tika tāutanga i waenganui i ngā whakaritenga taputapu me ngā hiahia whakamahinga ake ko te rerekētanga katoa. Ko ngā kaupapa e whakahaere paihia ana mā te ngā taputapu i whiriwhiria e tika ana kia tino pai ai te mahi i runga i āhua mea i whakamahia ai.
Kōrero mai i ngā Kaiwhakawehi Mīhini
Ko te mahi tata ki ngā kaihanga prepreg e whakawātea ana i te mātauranga matua me te āwhina i te kōwhiri i ngā tikanga tika mō te mahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga ka tīariari i ngā whakaritenga hanga, ngā tūtohenga whakarewa, me ētahi atu tuhinga nā reira ka māmā ake te kōwhiri i waenganui i ngā whiringa. Kātahi ka kōrero ngā inihua mō ngā kaupapa i rereke katoa i muri i te kōrero me ngā kaiārahi kaihanga i kitea ngā raru i te kore e kitea e ētahi atu. Whakatauhia te whanaketanga i ngā wāhanga huinga hei tauira, ka tūhono pea te kaihanga kia rerekētia te takotoranga prepreg nā te kitea e rātou ngā hua pai ake i ngā rautaki hou ka tūhono ki te maakete. Ko te pupuri i ngā ara whakawhitinga kōrero e pai ana kāore i te tikanga noa iho engari ka aronga ki ngā hua pai ake i ngā umanga katoa mai i ngā wāhanga rāngai ki ngā wāhanga motuka.
Ngā Rautaki Whakaputa me te Tuku Tirohanga
Ina mahi tahi me ngā taputapu e iti/iti ana, he tika kia tīmata ki te whakamātau me te whakamātautau mō te katoa e hiahia ana kia tūhono ki ngā putanga pai. Me whakamātau ngā kaihangai ngā momo tātai katoa i mua i te whiriwhiri i tētahi e tika ana mō ō rātou hiahia motuhake. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga pērā i te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakamātau tāpiri pērā i te ASTM D3039 hei tiro i te kaha tōtara, i te ASTM D5868 anō hoki ina tirohia ana te kaha o te tapa. Āwhina ēnei whakamātau i te katoa kia whai tātata tātou ki te whakarite i ngā taputapu e rerekē ana. Ko te whāinga katoa ko te whai i ngā raru i te tīmatanga kia kaua ngā kamupene e ngaro i te moni hei whakatika i ngā mea i muri mai. I muri i te eke atu i te maha o ngā raupapa whakamātau, ko ngā taputapu prepreg anake ka tūturu ka whakaaetia mō ngā kapa whakaputa tūturu.
FAQ
He aha ngā materia prepreg?
Ko ngā materia prepreg he rauhī porihita i mua i te hara, ko te epoxy te mea whakamahia rawa hei whakangungu i te whiu me te mahi pai i waenganui i ngā whenua, inanahi ko te rorohiko me te motokā.
Kei hea ngā whaihua o ngā materia prepreg i runga i ngā komiputa matua?
Kei te whakamutu i mua ngā prepregs i runga i te hara, me te tino rite rawa atu rātou, me te whakamātau anō nā runga i ngā komihana tūturu, e whai ake ana i ngā momo whakamahi wē kai tūrangi, e hiahiatia ana ngā āhuatanga.
Nō ngā hekenga ihea nei ngā whenua e paunga herehere rawa atu i ngā materia o prepreg?
Nō ngā whenua pēnei i te rā whakatere, motokā, me ngā whakapapa tākaro e paihere ana i ngā materia o prepreg, nā tō rātou hiahia ki ngā pūmanawa haumaru, wehe taiao.
Pēhea te hanga i ngā materia o prepreg?
Ko ngā materia o prepreg ka hangaia ki roto i te whakamutu i ngā raupō me te whakaae i tētahi rākau hara me te whakakapi i muri iho, ko te hunga whakamahi ko ngā ūhā rānei ko ngā auhau.
