raupō karbona o te tūranga matua
Te kākano karboni o te whakamahinga matatū e whakaatu ana i tētahi pūnaha mōhiohio hangarau, e whai ake nei i tana nui ki te rite āhuatanga ki te mohiotanga me ngā āhuatanga mōhiohio matua. Ko tēnei pūnaha hou e whakaaturia ana i ngā rākau karboni e whakauru ana i roto i tētahi kōwhiringa kiriata e tuhi ana ki te tae o te takirua, ka puta ai he mana pai rawe rawe me te mana pai whakaputuputu. Ko te mahi whakahoahoa e hīkina ana i te whakahaere pai o ngā mātauranga kaweātu me ngā take whakawehenga wera, e whai ake nei i te whakamahi i ngā mātauranga PAN (polyacrylonitrile) rānei ko ngā kaweātu pitch. Ki te whakaritea ngā uara whakaputuputu mai i 350-700 GPa, ka tukuna e te kākano karboni matatū i te whaihua kore i te mōhiohio i runga i te kuhu. Ka whakaaturia te ranga ā-waea me te whakamahana whakaritorito, me ngā āhuatanga pūmau, hei whai take mo ngā whakamahinga rorohiko, taonga poroiti, me ngā whakamahinga noa. Ko tana itinga iti i te whakaputa whakamahana, ka tiakina e ia te whaihua pai i runga i ngā āhuatanga wera e rerekē ana, me tana itinga kore i te whenua e whai ake nei i te whakamahana pai ki ngā take tuhituhi. Ko te whatitanga o te takirua, e whai ake nei i te 5 ki te 10 mikomita, ka whakaae ki te whakauru ki ngā whakariterite katoa, ka whakaae ki ngā kaihanga ki te whakatupu i ngā whakaritenga wehi noa i ngā whakamahinga kore.