Ngā Tūpihi Rerehu Pūmau: He Whakarerekē Nui mo te Rāpori me te Motokā

Te Mātauranga Hīkohinga i te Tāngata Karbona

Te Whakarūpopoto me ngā Āhuatanga Pūhanga o te Tāngata Karbona

Ko te pāpaku karu he mea hauauru ki te nuinga ki te karu atomu ākau hoki i te kaha tōtara e pā atu ana i te 500,000 psi, e whakamārama ai te rongonui o ngā whakamahinga e nui ana te kaha. Ko te whakararangitanga me te whakaputunga atu o ngā karu karu e pa ana ki te kaha me te roa o te wā e mau ai. Tangohia te tau ā-irirangi ina tōtika te karu karu e eke atu ana i te 35 miriona psi, he mea nō reira e āhua pai ana te mahi i ngā āhuatanga katoa. Ko te āhua ake o te karu karu he āhua rite ki te āhua o te karu karu i roto i te karu kotahi. Nga wa katoa, ka tīmata tēnei ki tētahi mea e karanga ana i te polyacrylonitrile, te tikanga kei te māori ko te PAN.

Ko ngā whatu karapinekera e whiwhi ana i ā rātou whakapakoko whakapāwhara i te ara i hangaia ai, ā, ko tēnā te mea nui i runga i te tāone ki ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana kia pērā te kaha me te māmā ki ngā umanga pērā i te hanga rererangi, me te whakangao i ngā waka, i heke iho ai te taumaha, engari kāore e taea te tāone i te kaha o te hanganga. Ko te kōpiko e kaha ai te katoa o ngā karapinekera he nui hoki te āwhā. Ko tāna hoki he kaha ki te katoa o te mea katoa, ā, he wehe hoki i ngā kaha ki te rohe katoa o te whatu, kia kaua tētahi wāhi kotahi e kaha rawa te pāmahara i te wā e mahi ana.

Mōhiotia ai te Tāngata 3K Weave

Ko te tikanga o te rauropi 3K e whakamahia ana i ngā whatu karapine putaiao e mātua whakauru ana i ngā miro e 3,000 takitahi ka whakaranungia kia kotahi. E whakanu hoki i ngā kōhatu karapine iti ake i ngā tikanga tawhito. Ko te mea e motuhake ana i te rauropi nei ko te āhua o te whakauru e hoatu ai i ngā whatu kaha me te whanake atu i te kaha o te pāmahara i te wā o te whakamahinga. E ai ki ngā kaihanga e whakamātauria ana, ko ngā karapine rauropi 3K nei e tūturu ake ana ki ngā pakanga tōraro i te nuinga o te wā i runga i te tikanga o te whakauru. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihangahanga e pīroiroi ake ana ki te tikanga nei mō ngā wāhanga e herehere ai i te whakararuraru ranei i te tōaitanga o te kaha.

Kua pakaru mai ngā painga i ngā umanga pērā i te hanga motukā, kei hea ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana kia kaha ki te whakaeke i ngā āputa tonu kaore i te wehe i te kaha ki te wā. Arā, ngā paraire o ngā motukā, ngā wāhanga tāwhai rānei e noho ana i ngā āhua katoa o te whakamāmā i te wā e whakamahia ana. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga e huri atu ana ki te 3K weave carbon fiber ēnei rā. Ko te tāpoi e tō ana i te tika kati kia kaha ki te whakaeke i te whakapākehātanga engari whakauruhia kia kore e pakaru ki te pēhi. Ko ngā wāhanga ritenga i hangaia mai i tēnei mea e ora roa ana i te ara me te whakaeke pai ake i ngā tikanga katoa, e mārama ai te take i te nuinga o te wā e kitea ana i ngā mea katoa mai i ngā motukā hākinakina o teitei ki ngā motukā hokohoko e kimi ana i te kaha atu o te whaimana.

Ngā Kawa Whakangungu Mōmorihei a te Karboni

Kua whakapakaria tēnei rā i te kaha o te hanga i ngā kōpiko puka kounga teitei ā-motu ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga hou hake, pērā i te whakapiringa aho me te tāpene. Mā te whakapiringa aho, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakarite i te wāhi e eke ai ngā aho i te wā o te hāngai, e hāngai ai ki ngā kōpiko e whakapai ana i te kaha engari he māmā noa, mō ngā mea pērā i ngā waa-taumai rānei ngā waa kauta waka. Kei te tētahi atu taha, he pai te mahi a te tāpene mō te hanga i ngā kōpiko roa, toro ana e hiahiatia ana i ngā kaupapa hanga. Ka kitea i ngā wāhi pērā i ngā tautoko waka me ngā tūāpapa whare, i te mea ka manawa tonu te āhua me te kaha ki te roa.

Kua iti ake te wā me te moni i pā ki te kounga mai i te tautohenga i te whakauru i ngā mahi aunoa. Kua pai ake ngā hononga i waenganui i ngā whakarewa karaihe me te pōmerika i rite ai te roa o te ora me te performance o ngā hua. Kāore i te tino whakaaetia e te ahumoni te āhua o ngā hua i ēnei wā, engari kua tūhono hoki. Kua pakaru ngā kaihanga i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whakapono i ēnei rauemi, ā, kua whakatakotoria hoki i ngā tikanga e korekore ai i mua i te tekau tau ki muri.

Nga Nga Take o ngā Pūtoru Karbona I waenganui i ngā Momo Whakahirahira

Nga Kaha Nui ki te Waeke i te Ratonga

Ko te pāpaku karapini te tino whakapapa ake i te kaha ki te taumaha ki te whakapapa ki te tāmata, e rite ana ki te rite ki te rima kia kaha ake. Ko te tikanga ko ngā inžiniera e āhua hōhonu ana i ngā mea e iti ana i te taumaha engari he kaha ki te tū ki ngā pāpaku. Mō ngā kaihanga, ko te tikanga ko ngā hua e iti ana i te taumaha i runga i te pepa engari he māmā ake hoki ki te whakahaere i te wā o te whanaketanga me te tuku, e iti ai ngā utu mō te roopu mahi i te wā roa. Tirohia ngā waka rererangi me ngā motukā kei reira i timata ngā kamupene ki te whakamahi i te pāpaku karapini i te nuinga - kua whakakaha ratou ki te wehe i te haurua o te taumaha ki ētahi wāhi. Ko te putanga? Ko te whai tikanga ake i te kora, ko te whai tikanga ake i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, me te katoa o ngā whai kapa ki ngā whakamahinga rereke mai i ngā wāhanga rereke ki ngā wāhanga waka noa i te rā i te rā e whakamahia ana te anga karapini.

Te Wānanga ki te Pārau me te Whakatū Heketanga

Ko te paraihe karboni e toa ana ki ngā kikorangi, ētahi atu hoki e kore e taea e te nuinga o ngā metara kia mau tonu ai kāore he pāpaku, he kōhatu rānei. Ko ngā whakamātau whakapōpō he whai hua nui anō hoki i te tū tonu o ngā wāhanga karboni ahakoa ngā takotoranga whakapōpō, tawhio noa te roa ake i āwhina ai ngā tāpoi matua. Mō ngā umanga e whakamahi ana i ngā karaka karboni me ngā papa i ngā mea katoa mai i ngā wāhanga rererangi ki ngā taputapu umanga, ko tēnei te tikanga e iti ake ai ngā utu mātai i te wā. Ko ngā tau e whakapono ana ki tēnei i ngā tini umanga, e whakaatu ana i te aha i tirohia ai e te maha o ngā kaihanga kātahi ko te karboni kāore i te kaha noa i te wā roa engari he mea whakamāmātia hei whakapai ake i te utu.

Te Whakarite Huringa me te Iti Rawe

Ko te kaha o te paraihe karbon ki te tūnui i tana kaha ahakoa ngā panonitanga o te hau, e kaha ai ki ngā tikanga tino raru. Kua rereke ki ngā mātāpuna, kāore te paraihe karbon e whānui tata heke ina hauhia, nō reira kāore ngā wāhanga e hua mai i te whakapōkai rānei, whakapōkai rānei i te āhua. Ko ngā rangahau e whakaatu ana ko ngā matū nei e mahi pai ana i runga i te 200 neketa Celsius hoki. Ko te āhua nei ka kitea e tātou i ngā wāhi katoa mai i ngā wāhanga motukā rāpeti ki ngā wāhanga waka tāwhai mātātoko kei reka ai te hau pōhara engari me noho pakari tonu. Kei te aroha ngā inihua ki tēnei āhua nō te mea ko te tikanga he iti noa ngā upoko pōuri ki te whakakaha i ngā raru i te wā e whakahaere ana.

Ngā Taura Mīhini Whakaheke i ngā Whakamahinga Rangi

Ngā Komohiti Tuara mo ngā Pūkana me ngā Pūkoki

Ko ngā karu karbona e noho matua ana i te whakapakoranga awhāroa i runga i te kaha ki te whakakaha i te iti rawa o te taumaha. E āhua tōia ana ēnei āhuatanga ki te hanga i ngā wāhanga pērā i ngā tinana rererangi me ngā wāhanga o ngā whare wātea. Ko te mea e wehe ai i te karbona karu ko te āhua e āwhina ai i ngā kaihanga hei hanga i ngā āhua pīroiroi ka impossible te hanga ki ngā taputapu tawhito ake, e hoatu ai i ngā kaihoahoa kia maha ake te whakahaere i te wā e hanga ana i ngā hua hou. Kua whakaaturia e ngā rangahau ka taea e ēnei hanganga e karo i te raru nui mai i te pāpaku o te hau i te wā o te rere, ā, ko te āhua e āwhina ai i ngā rererangi kia pai ake te mahi. Ko te rārangi ka tīmata ai te maha o ngā kaihanga rererangi ki te whakamahi i ngā whakautu karbona karu ina whai ana kia hanga i ngā rererangi me ngā kaipū awhāroa kia kaha ake anō te kaha engari te iti ake te taumaha i te wā e whakatata ana i ngā utu.

Te Whakaiti Pūmau me ngā Ratonga Whakaiti Wae

Ko te kawenga i ngā tikanga karbona hiriwa ki te huarere hau hōu te whakapā ki te whakapai ake i te mahi o ngā rererangi i te nuinga o te kora. Kua kitea e ētahi kaiwhakahaere rererangi tētahi whakapai ake o te kora e 15% i muri i te whakakapi i ngā tikanga tawhito ki ēnei wāhanga karbona hōu i roto i ō rātou kapa rererangi. Ko te take matua? Te whakamāmā i te taumaha. Ko ngā rererangi māmā ake te here i te iti ake o te kora e rere ai, e iti ai ngā utu whakahaere nui i te wā. A, me whai mōhio tātou, kei te whakakaha ake ngā kāwanatanga i runga i ngā whakaputanga hau parurenga i te wā i te wā. Ko te tikanga, kei te piki haere te hiahia ki ngā kōwhiringa karbona hiriwa i tēnei wā. Āwhina ake ēnei tikanga matua i ngā kamupene kia arawhiti i ngā ture taiao pīroiroi, i te wā anō hoki ka whakatuwhera i ngā tūhono hou mō ngā hoahoa rererangi hou kua oti i mua.

Ngā Hangarua Whakapākehāngi CNT Mō ngā Taiao Whakamauā

Ko te tāpiri i ngā nanotube karuhi ki ngā tārua karuhi e whakawātea ana i ngā taputapu rāngai a-hau, e whakakaha ake i te kaha me te aratau whakawhitinga i ngā ara kāore i te kitea i mua. E māmā ake ana ngā taputapu whakarewa nei ki ngā tikanga uaua ake i te nuinga o ngā tārua, arā, kāore i te noho ki ngā rererangi anake engari ka taea hoki e kaha ana te mahi i ngā tikanga tino uaua. Kei te whakauru ngā kairangahau i ēnei wā ki te whakapai ake i ēnei taputapu tārua mō te rere hōu hau pararuaru me te haerenga roa ki te whenua i reira ka tāwhai ngā taputapu ki ā rātou tāmata. Ko te mātāpuna pono ka pakaru ina tirohia te aha a CNTs ki te whakapai ake i ngā mea pērā i ngā karuhi karuhi, he kaha ake i raro i te pēhi, he pai ake te aratau whakawhitinga. Ahakoa he tino maha ngā whakamātau e toe ana, e whai māramatanga ana koutou mō te tauhokohoko rāngai a-hau e huri haere ana te tauhokohoko i ēnei taputapu e tīmata ana ki te hāere ki ngā rererangi me ngā rererangi hou.

Te Whakahounga i te Pūmanawa Motokā ki Runga i te Karbona

Ngā Wāhanga me ngā Rāngai Pai Motokā

Ko te pāpaku karapini he wehe i te kaha o ngā waka kia tere ake ai i te kaha ki te heke i te taumaha, arā ka taea e rātou te tere ake me te whakahaere pai ake hoki. Kei te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga karapini karapini ngā toa rongonui me ngā kaihanga waka karapini i ā rātou tauira katoa. He aha te take? Hei te mōhio hoki ki te hiahia a ngā taraiwa kia iti ake te waka me te pai ake hoki i te kaihoko. Ko ngā rangahau mai i ngā whare wānanga he tautoko i tēnei, e whakaatu ana i ngā waka kia iti ake te tūpono me te pūmahara tere ake i ngā tere tere. Ko te mōhio hoki ka maha ngā kaihanga e huri atu ki ngā tapa karapini karapini ā-whāinga ina hiahia rātou ki te whakapai ake i ngā takotoranga taraiwa i te wā e tū ana i ngā whakaritenga whakapakari e ngā rōpū whakawhitinga me ngā kaiwhakamātau haumaru.

Ngā Whakaaetanga Pupuri Mana mō ngā Motokā Hiko

Ko te paraihe karuhi ka nui ake te nui ki ngā waka hiko mai i tana whakaiti i te taumaha katoa i te wa e whakauru ana i te kaha. Ina tīmata ngā kaihanga waka ki te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga paraihe karuhi ki ō rātou tauira EV, ka kitea e rātou he roa ake te haerenga ka taea i waenganui i ngā utu. Ko tēnei e nui ana inaianei mai i te nui o te pēhi ki ngā kaihanga waka kia pai ake te whakamahi i ō rātou waka hiko. Kei te kitea e ngā tohunga o te maakete te tipu tonu haere o ngā ota mō ngā wāhanga paraihe karuhi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā EV, tae atu ki ngā pāpaku motuhake me ngā wāhanga hanganga. Ko te aronga e whakaatu ana ko te paraihe karuhi ka haere tonu ki te takotoranga nui ki te whakamāmā i te waka i te wa e āki ai te ahumoni ki ana whāinga aronuku.

Ngā Wāhanga Kākano Karbona Tūmatawhāiti mo te Whakapai i te Pono

Kei te tīmata atu anō te nuinga o ngā kaihanga ki te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga karbona whakarewa kua hangaia mā te whai performance pai ake i ngā waka mō ngā whakamahinga motuhake. Kei te nui ake te māmā o ēnei wāhanga i te āhua me te mahi, i te nuinga o ngā wā e āhua kaha ake ana i ngā mea e kitea ana i ngā tāpapa tāpiri. I ngā tāpari mo te roa o te wā e mau ana, kua whakaaturia hoki e ēnei taputapu karbona motuhake te āhua pai ake ki te whakahaere i ngā patupatu me ngā tōkaro i ngā mea tūturu, arā, he iti ake ngā haerenga ki te toa whakarepair i muri mai. Kei te kite hoki i te nuinga o ngā kamupene tāpoi i āwhina i ngā wāhanga karbona takitahi kua whakaritea mā ngā momo waka rerekē rānei i ngā whakamahinga rāpeti. Ki te tirohia ana i ngā mea e āwhi ana i te ahumoni i tēnei wā, kua wāia te karbona ehara i te kaupeka noa i te wā ka pōpōki engari he mea e noho ana hei tāpiri mō ngā waka kaha te kaha.

Ngā Whakamahi me ngā Tauwhiro i Mua

Utu versus Whakapai

Kei te whai paku ake pea te whakamahinga o te paku karbon hei mea whakamiharo ana e pai ana mo ētahi whakamahinga rereke, ahakoa kei te nui tonu te utu ki te whakaputa i ngā taputapu nei he raru nui mō te nuinga o ngā kamupene. E raru ana ētahi kaihanga ina whai mōhio ana i waenganui i ngā mea e āwhina ai te karbon whakamahinga me te utu kia tino nui kia eke ai i ngā whakapai ake pērā i te karbon whakamahinga tūpuna me ētahi atu taputapu. Kei te āhua tārore tēnei tātai utu ki te whai hua ki ngā wāhi maha pērā i ngā waka me ngā rererangi kei reka ai te whakamāmā i te taumaha. E ētahi kei te umanga ka whakapono ngā whakapai hangarau e āwhina ai i ngā utu kia heke i te wā, he mea pai ake tēnei. Mēnā ka tātaki tēnei, ka taea e tātou te kite i te karbon whakamahinga hei mea noa ake ka taea e ngā pakihi te utu korekau, e whakatuwhera ana i ngā tūhono hou e kore ana i te nui noa rānei i ngā taonga rereke, i ngā taputapu motuhake rānei.

Te Tiakina i te Hanganga Kākano Karboni

Kua pāngia ai ngā take taiao e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o te paraihe karboni i te maha o ngā kainoho ki te whakapātai mēnā he tika, he kaimahi āraitanga ēnei ngā rauemi. Ko te nuinga o ngā tikanga tawhito e herea ana ki te nui o ngā koraeka penei i te wera i te wā o te whanaketanga, i arahina ai ngā kairangahau me ngā kaihangahanga ki te rapu i ngā whiringa korekau ake pērā i ngā paraihe karboni hua noho i ngā rauemi whakarewa. Ko te huri i tēnei ka taea te whakakaha i te pāpaku i ngā whakaputanga karboni mai i ngā tikanga whanake tāone. Ko ngā kaupapa whakamahinga anō hoki e whakapau ake ana, ina nui noa ki ngā wa kua toe mai, ki ngā wā kua whara i ngā papa karboni hua i ngā tāone ā-hau me ngā tāone ā-motukā. Kāore ngā panonitanga e pai ana mō te whenua engari kei te āwhawhia anō hoki i te ao o ngā kainoho. Kua tīmata ngā kamupene ki te kite i te uara ki te whanake i ngā hua e mahi pai ana i te wā e whakaputua ai he toenga taiao iti ake i ā rātou mātua i te rite ki te tau e ono rānei ki muri nei.

Ngā Whakamātau Hōu i ngā Pūtango Karbona me ngā Tūmau

Ko te hangarau paraihe karboni e tuanui ana i te tapa o ngā whakarerekētanga nui mai i ngā whakarewatanga hōu ki ngā awhi rāwekenga me ngā rāwekenga pukoro. Kua whakatuwheraa te tākupu 3D mā te hunga whakanao e hiahia ana ki te waihanga i ngā taputapu ritenga i te tere kore e pani i te utu o ngā taputapu. Ko tēnei he mea nui rawa ki ngā wāhanga o nāianei e poto haere ana ngā wāhanga hua. Ko ngā wāhanga karboni ritenga e eke ana i waho i ngā tauira anake, kua eke ki ngā hua mutunga kaua ko mua ake nei. Kei te kitea e tātou i ngā wāhi katoa mai i ngā waka tāone tikangia e hiahia ana ki ngā wāhanga māmā ake ki ngā rori waka e hiahiatia ana te kaha kāore he taumaha. Kei te whakakotahi hoki ētahi kamupene i te karboni me ētahi atu rawa, e whakamātau ana i ngā takotoranga rereke hei whakanui i te mahi ake i te wā e tiaki i ngā utu. He aha tēnei e whai mārama ai ki te anamata? Ko ngā hua karboni ka tūmanakia kia māmā ake te whakarereke i te wā e haere tonu mai ana ngā whakamātau.

FAQ

He aha ngā toto karbona?

E whai pūtake ana ngā toto karbona i ngā rākau karbona e whakarite ana i te whiu whakarara, ko te mutunga he mea i runga i te PAN (polyacrylonitrile) matua, me te hono ki te hara i roto i te whakangungu pai.

He aha te rangatira o te karbona raeti i tētahi atu rauemi?

He whanonga kawe nui rawa atu te karbona raeti, e taea ana ki te waihanga i runga i 500,000 psi, me te whakapakari i te kinoiti nei i ngā rauemi matua pērā i te toki me te whutai, ko te pai hoki i te whanonga kawe ki te mana wehi.

He aha te whiwhinga 3K?

e ai ki te whiwhinga 3K, ka whakapapa 3,000 taipari ki tētahi taha, me te whakapai i te whiuwhiu hangarau me te whiuwhiu pakanga o ngā paera karbona i roto i te whakaheke whakapapa whiuwhiu.

He aha ngā take hei whakamahia te karbona raeti i roto i ngā whenua ā-ouru me ngā pūtake motokā?

Ka whakamahia te karbona raeti i ēnei whenua mō tana mana wehi iti me te pai, ka whakapai i te huatau pūmotu, i te mahi, me te whiuwhiu hangarau o ngā kaiouru ā-rangi me ngā pūtake motokā.

Pēhea te karbona raeti kei te whakatū tonu ki ngā motokā hiko?

Ki roto i ngā motokā hiko, ka whakapaihia te karbona raeti i te matawhai hiko pūmotu mā te whakaiti i te mana wehi motokā, ka whakatika atu anō hoki i ngā roa haere me te whakapai i te oranga kotahi.

He aha ngā momo takohanga i te whakaputa karbona raeti?

Nā ngā whakamārama nui, nō te uara mahi i te wāhanga, me ngā whakaaro mō te taiao e pā ana ki te hanga o ngā rama anara, e whakatika ana nei i ngā pai ā-tuhi me ngā mahi aroha kai.