muka karbona 3k
Te whakamahere māngai 3k he maha o ngā rauemi whakapuaki hōnore e whakaatu ana i tana rarangi whatiwhati ā-wae, e toru mano ngā kiriwhara kohukohu i roto i ia tow. Ko tenei rautaki matua te tohu i te hiranga pai ki te wawe me te mana moe, koinei te take ka whai ake tonu hei whakatau i ngā whenua e rahi nei. Ko te tuhinga 3k te tohu i te tau o ngā kiriwhara i roto i ia kete, whakawhiwhia ai te pai o te whakahaere me te tahaa o te urupare. He rarangi whatiwhati nui tēnei, e whakamana ana i te whakarite o te hīanga kaha, ā, e pai rawa ana i te kanohi, koinei te take ka pai noa iho hei whakamahere mō ngā mahi whakatupu me ngā mahi kanohi. Ko tana hanga ka whakamana i te whakapiki haere o te hara i roto i te pūtake hanga, e whai ana ki te whakapuakitanga hōnore o te whakauru. He hiranga pai nui te hīanga kaha o te māngai kohukohu 3k, e āheinga ana i waenganui i te 3,000 ki te 5,000 MPa, ā, e tiakina ana i tana mana moe iti nui. Ka whai ake tonu tēnei rautaki i te pai ki te whakahoki i ngā huinga taiao, ina whakaatu i te whakakore i te whakarongo me te whakatakoto UV, e whai ana ki te whaihere hereora mō te wā e rahi nei. Ko te whanonga nui o te māngai kohukohu 3k kei te taea e ia te whakatupu i ngā wheako whakarerekē, ahakoa i te whakamana o te whakahaere, koinei te take ka nui ake i te hanga whakaaro o ngā whare rere, ngā motokā, me ngā raraunga tākaro.