kupenga karbona
Kei te whakaputa i tētahi whakamātau whakarerekē nui i roto i te pūnaha mātauranga materiale te kiko karbona. Kei roto i tēnei materiale āhuadanga e hono ana ngā huanga whaiaro nui ki te rahi o te mana wehi, ko ngā karu karbona e whaiwhai ana i runga i tētahi rarangi whatiwhati, e noho tipu ana i waenganui i te 5-10 mikromita i te uiui, ka hangaia i runga i tētahi mahi tika o te whakatupu, karbona, me te whakatutuki i ngā kiko polyacrylonitrile. Ko te rerenga mai o te kawekawe nei he hōnore pai rawa i waenganui i te mana wehi me te rahi o te mana wehi, e whai wāhi ana i ngā materiale whenua, pērā i te toki rā me te whutupaoro. Kei te whai take anō hoki te kiko karbona i runga i ngā tūranga nui, mai i ngā komihana o te rangi ki ngā wāhanga motokā, ngā whiuwhiu porihitanga, me ngā whakatū whare. He mea nui ngā āhuatanga o tēnei kiko, hei hoko i te mana wehi nui, te kohikohinga pai, te whakaharahara i ngā rongoā, te whakaaetanga o te wāhanga, me te rahi iti o te whakapapa huringa. Ka whakaaeke ngā rārangi o tēnei kiko hei whakamahere i ngā rārangi me ngā whakanuitanga, hei whakatipu i te paihere mō ngā tūranga āniwaniwa. Ahakoa, kei te pai te whakaharahara i te kōpūtahi me te whakaaetanga i te mate, ka pai ake tēnei hei whakamahere i ngā taiao whai take, kei reira ka hoki ngā materiale whenua ki te hapa. Ka taea e te kiko nei te whakapai i waenganui i ngā hara i roto i ngā resina kē, hei hanga i ngā materiale āhuadanga e mau ana i te mana wehi, ahakoa ka whakaheke i te rahi ingoa hoki i waenganui i te 75% i tētahi whakauru toki rā.