utu mānuka
Ko te utu mō ngā rau karbona he whakaaro nui i ngā mahi whai wāhi hou me ngā whakamahi ingoa hangarau. Ko tēnei rautaki matua, e whai ake ana i ngā pūtēte karbona kotahi rawakore, e āheinga ana i ngā taurite utu e hīkohia ana ki te pai, te rangi, me ngā mahi hangarau. E ai kia tipu mai i te $10 ki te $50 ki te paoa mō ngā rau karbona komiti, ko te utu o tēnei rautaki ka whakaatu i ngā mahi hangarau pūkorero me ngā rau matua pai hiahia. Ko te mana moana tohu pai ki te rite ā-momo, ko te whanaketanga, me te kaha ki ngā take tuhituhi o te taiao e whai ake nei i tana utu pai. Ko ngā whakamahi hangarau e whai ake nei i ngā rohe rereangi, motokā, kaihanga takawairope, me ngā momo kaihanga whare, kei reira ka whakahokia te tūnga tuatahi ki ngā paunga pai o te maha. Ko ngā waehae hangarau e toru, inahoki ko te whakatūwhera PAN (polyacrylonitrile) mua, ko te whakapāpā, ko te karbona, me te whakatakoto ā-pūtau, tēnā ka whakaaweawe ki te utu whakamutunga. Ko ngā momo rorohiko, ko te whānuitanga o te whakatū, me ngā whai hua hangarau ka whakaae tonu ki te utu o ngā rau karbona, ko ngā utu e tino whai ake nei i te whakatipu o ngā pai hangarau me te whakapai o te hiahia. Ko te mōhio ki te utu mō ngā rau karbona he mea nui mō te whakarite kaupapa me te whiriwhiringa rautaki, nā te mea ko ia e whai ake nei i ngā whakaaetanga whakatū papatupu me ngā whakamahi hangarau.