te pepa papanga muka waro
Nā ngā roa kōkōwai e whakawhitiwhiti ana i te tūranga whakamua whakamahara mō te hanganga rauemi, e whakapakiri ana i te mana moana me te iti noa nui. E hanga nei ngā roa i runga i tētahi mahinga matihiko, kei reira e pīrori ana ngā niho kōkōwai me te whakauru ki roto i tētahi pūtau eko ipo matatika, e haea ana i tētahi rauemi e pai ake ana i ngā rauemi hanga o mua i ēnei atu wā. E whaihua ana ngā roa i te mana tomo whakatere, e āheinga ana i te 3000 ki te 7000 MPa, ahakoa te iti noa iho o te paenga i te poraka rānei ko te inoi. Ko tō rātou tuhituhi molekula te whakapono nui ki ngā huringa taiao, e āhei ana ki te whakarite i te whakamutunga ki ngā huinga korosai, ki te ira whero UV, me ngā huringa werawera. Nā ngā momo whakapapa matua hou e whakamahi ana ngā roa kōkōwai o nāianei, e whakaae ana ki te whakatupu i ngā āhuatanga mana moana kia rerekē tonu i waenganui i ngā taha. Kei reira ngā whakamahi nui ake mō ngā whenua rerekē, mai i te hanga whakaaro rangi rānei me te hanga motokā ki ngā kaupapa hanga tuhituhi nui me ngā take akoranga. E āhei ana ngā roa ki te hanga i waenganui i ngā roanga me ngā huatau, e āheinga ana i te 0.5mm ki te 20mm, e whakamana ana i te whakapae i te whakangungu. Ka taea te whakatakoto i te tahuhu ki te tiki i ngā hiahia ā-muri, mai i te tirohanga karukaru ki te tirohanga mate, e whakarite ana i aua roa ki ngā whakamahi pai me ngā whakamahi mata.